What is Backend Development?

Backend Technologies Overview

Introduction to Java & its History

Principles of Java Programming

JDK, JRE, JVM & Architecture

Java Program Execution Flow

Identifiers, Keywords, Data Types, Variables

Methods & Arrays

Access Modifiers & Control Statements

Operators & Flow Control

Exception Handling & Assertions

Garbage Collection Concepts

OOPs in Java (Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction)

Multithreading Basics

java.lang Package (String, StringBuffer, StringBuilder, Wrapper Classes, Object Class)

java.io Package & Serialization

Collections Framework (List, Set, Map, Generics, Internal Implementation)

Java 8+ Features:

• Lambda Expressions

• Functional Interfaces

• Default & Static Methods

• Method References

• Date & Time API

• Stream API

• Optional Class

• Spliterator

Database Concepts

SQL Basics: SELECT, WHERE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

Clauses: DISTINCT, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING

Operators: AND, OR, NOT, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE

Joins: Inner, Left, Right, Full, Self Joins

Aggregate Functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX

Subqueries & Nested Queries

Views, Indexes, Constraints

Stored Procedures, Functions & Triggers

Transactions (Commit, Rollback, Savepoint)

Normalization Basics

SQL Injection & Security

JDBC Introduction & Environment Setup

JDBC Drivers & Connection Types

Creating Database Connections in Java

Statements, PreparedStatements & CallableStatements

ResultSets & Data Handling

Transactions & Batch Processing

Exception Handling in JDBC

Mini Project with JDBC

Introduction to ORM & Hibernate

Hibernate Architecture & Installation

Configuration Files & Mapping Files

Hibernate API & CRUD Operations

Primary Key Generators

Hibernate Query Language (HQL) & Criteria API

Relationships: One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-One, Many-to-Many

Inheritance Mapping

Caching in Hibernate

Annotations in Hibernate

Integrating Hibernate with Servlets/Spring

Introduction to Spring Core

Inversion of Control (IoC)

Dependency Injection (Setter & Constructor Injection)

Autowiring in Spring

Spring Bean Lifecycle

Difference: Spring vs Spring Boot

Advantages of Spring Boot

Creating Spring Boot Application (Initializer, IDE Setup)

@SpringBootApplication & Auto Configuration

Spring Boot Starters & Dependencies

Application Properties & YML Configuration

Profiles in Spring Boot

Logging & Monitoring

Runners in Spring Boot (CommandLineRunner & ApplicationRunner)

Persistence Layer Concepts

CrudRepository & JpaRepository

Entity Class with Annotations

CRUD Operations using Spring Data JPA

Pagination & Sorting

Custom Queries & Query Methods

Integrating with MySQL, Oracle, MongoDB, Embedded DBs

MVC Architecture & DispatcherServlet

Controllers & View Resolvers

RequestMappings (@GetMapping, @PostMapping, etc.)

Working with Forms (JSP & Thymeleaf)

Model, ModelAttribute, @RequestBody, @ResponseBody

Form Validation

Interceptors in Spring MVC

Exception Handling (Spring AOP)

Introduction to REST Architecture

SOAP vs REST

Building REST APIs in Spring Boot

HTTP Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)

JSON with Jackson, XML with JAX-B

Exception Handling in REST APIs

RestTemplate & WebClient (Reactive Programming)

Swagger Documentation & Testing with POSTMAN

Security in REST APIs (Basic Auth, JWT)

Monolithic vs Microservices Architecture

Advantages & Challenges of Microservices

Service Registry with Eureka Server

API Gateway with Zuul / Spring Cloud Gateway

Config Server & Centralized Configuration

Inter-service Communication (Feign Client)

Microservices Deployment on Cloud (PCF, AWS, Docker, Kubernetes basics)

Scaling: Horizontal, Vertical & Auto-scaling

Maven & Gradle

Git, GitHub, BitBucket

Jenkins (CI/CD)

JUnit & Mockito (Unit Testing)

SonarQube (Code Quality)

Docker Basics for Java Apps

Agile Practices with JIRA

Major Project (End-to-End Backend Development)

• Project Introduction & Requirement Gathering

• Database Design & Story Creation in JIRA

• Backend Development with Spring Boot & Microservices

• REST APIs + Security + Database Integration

• Unit Testing & Integration Testing

• Code Review & Best Practices

• Project Deployment (Local & Cloud)